Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-265641

Registration No. 333-265941

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT NO. 1
(To the Prospectus dated June 30, 2022)

43,478,261 Shares of Common Stock Underlying Warrants

This prospectus supplement supplements the prospectus, dated June 30, 2022 (as amended or supplemented, the “Prospectus”), which forms a part of our registration statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-265641) and the registration statement on Form S-1MEF filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) (No. 333-265941) (the “Registration Statements”).

This prospectus supplement is being filed to update and supplement the information in the Prospectus with the information contained in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 12, 2022 (the “Quarterly Report”). Accordingly, we have attached the Quarterly Report to this prospectus supplement.

The Prospectus and this prospectus supplement relate to the issuance by us of up to 43,478,261 shares of our common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), that are issuable upon the exercise of 43,478,261 warrants (the “Warrants”) originally issued in connection with our offering of 29,382,861 units and 14,095,400 pre-funded units under the Propsectus pursuant to the Registration Statements (the “Offering”). The warrants have an exercise price of $0.23 per share of Common Stock and expire on July 5, 2027. We will receive the proceeds from any exercise of any Warrants for cash. See “Use of Proceeds” on page 30 of the Prospectus for a description of our use of proceeds from the Offering.

Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “KERN.” On August 18, 2022, the last reported sales price of Common Stock was $0.1420 per share.

This prospectus supplement should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, including any amendments or supplements thereto, which is to be delivered with this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement is qualified by reference to the Prospectus, including any amendments or supplements thereto, except to the extent that the information in this prospectus supplement updates and supersedes the information contained therein.

This prospectus supplement is not complete without, and may not be delivered or utilized except in connection with, the Prospectus, including any amendments or supplements thereto.

We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” as defined under U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, have elected to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements. The Prospectus complies with the requirements that apply to an issuer that is an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of the Prospectus and under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” beginning on page 40 of the Qaurterly Report attached hereto.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Prospectus Supplement dated August 19, 2022

UNITED STATES

 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

 Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from / to

Commission file number 001-39096

AKERNA CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (888) 932-6537

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 11, 2022, there were 80,285,241 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding. 

INDEX

AKERNA CORP.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

AKERNA CORP.

 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

AKERNA CORP.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(unaudited) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

AKERNA CORP.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

AKERNA CORP.

 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

 AKERNA CORP.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

AKERNA CORP.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Description of Business

Description of Business

Akerna Corp., herein referred to as we, us, our, the Company or Akerna, through our wholly-owned subsidiaries MJ Freeway, LLC, or MJF, Trellis Solutions, Inc., or Trellis, Ample Organics, Inc, the Company or Ample, solo sciences, inc., or Solo, Viridian Sciences Inc., or Viridian, and The NAV People, Inc. d.b.a. 365 Cannabis, or 365 Cannabis, provides enterprise software solutions that enable regulatory compliance and inventory management. Our proprietary, broad and growing suite of solutions are adaptable for industries in which interfacing with government regulatory agencies for compliance purposes is required, or where the tracking of organic materials from seed or plant to end products is desired. We develop products intended to assist states in monitoring licensed businesses’ compliance with state regulations and to help state-licensed businesses operate in compliance with such law. We provide our commercial software platform, MJ Platform®, Trellis®, Ample, Viridian and 365 Cannabis to state-licensed businesses, and our regulatory software platform, Leaf Data Systems®, to state government regulatory agencies. Through Solo, we provide an innovative, next-generation solution for state and national governments to securely track product and waste throughout the supply chain with solo*TAG™. The integration of MJ Platform® and solo*CODE™ results in technology for consumers and brands that brings a consumer-facing mark designed to highlight the authenticity and signify transparency.

Our Viridian and 365 Cannabis offerings are considered enterprise offerings while all other solutions are considered non-enterprise offerings that meet the needs of our small and medium-sized business, or SMB, customers.

We consult with clients on a wide range of areas to help them successfully maintain compliance with state laws and regulations. We provide project-focused consulting services to clients who are initiating or expanding their cannabis business operations or are interested in data consulting engagements with respect to the legal cannabis industry. Our advisory engagements include service offerings focused on compliance requirement assessments, readiness and best practices, compliance monitoring systems, application processes, inspection readiness, and business plan and compliance reviews. We typically provide our consulting services to clients in emerging markets that are seeking consultation on newly introduced licensing regimes and assistance with the regulatory compliant build-out of operations.

Going Concern and Management’s Liquidity Plans

In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) standard on going concern, Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”), we assess going concern uncertainty in our consolidated financial statements to determine if we have sufficient cash, cash equivalents and working capital on hand, including marketable equity securities, and any available borrowings on loans, to operate for a period of at least one year from the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which is defined to as the “look-forward period” in ASU 2014-15. As part of this assessment, based on conditions that are known and reasonably knowable to us, we will consider various scenarios, forecasts, projections, estimates and will make certain key assumptions, including the timing and nature of projected cash expenditures or programs, and our ability to delay or curtail expenditures or programs, if necessary, among other factors. Based on this assessment, as necessary or applicable, we make certain assumptions regarding implementing curtailments or delays in the nature and timing of programs and expenditures to the extent we deem probable that such implementations can be achieved and we have the proper authority to execute them within the look-forward period in accordance with ASU 2014-15.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, since our inception we have incurred recurring losses from operations, used cash from operating activities, and relied on capital raising transactions to continue ongoing operations. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021, we incurred losses from operations of $49.9 million and $9.6 million, respectively, and used cash in operating activities of $7.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, we had a working capital deficit of $13.2 million with $5.1 million in cash available to fund future operations. Furthermore, on May 24, 2022, we received a notice (the “Notice”) from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC indicating that the bid price of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), is not currently in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Nasdaq Market”). The Notice has no immediate effect on the continued listing status of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Market, and, therefore, our listing remains fully effective. We are provided a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice, or until November 21, 2022, to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid requirement. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern.

Management’s plan for the Company to continue as a going concern includes several initiatives and actions including those impacting our short and intermediate term financing, continuing costs, primarily labor and employee benefits, our working capital and the liquidity of our Common Stock. Certain of these initiatives and actions began during the quarter ended June 30, 2022 while others were initiated in July 2022.

The most significant components of our plan include the following: (i) realizing annualized cost savings associated with the corporate restructuring initiative (the “Restructuring”) that we announced in May 2022 which resulted in a reduction in workforce and related operating costs (see Note 4), (ii) entering into an amendment and waiver agreement to the securities purchase agreement associated with our 2021 Senior Convertible Notes (the “Senior Convertible Notes”) on June 30, 2022 (the “Convertible Notes Amendment”) which, among other factors, provides for a deferral of the required amortization payments due and payable from July 1, 2022 through January 1, 2023 (see Note 4), (iii) deploying for working capital needs of the net proceeds of approximately $2 million received from our offering of Common Stock and warrants (the “Unit Offering”) in a transaction that closed on July 5, 2022 (see Note 4), net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses and after depositing $7 million of the proceeds into certain restricted cash accounts in accordance with the Convertible Notes Amendment, (iv) conservatively managing our working capital through disciplined cost-containment efforts and strategic management of our accounts receivable and accounts payable cycles (v) addressing the potential liquidity of our Common Stock in connection with the minimum listing requirements for the Nasdaq Market through a proposed 1-to-20 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) and (vi) continuing to seek to grow our customer base and realize synergies as we continue to integrate our recent acquisitions.

We anticipate the initiatives and actions described above will provide us with sufficient liquidity in order to operate our business in the normal course for the second half of 2022 until such time that the an earn-out payment associated with a 2021 acquisition is due in December 2022 (see Note 4), in part, to the fact that the debt service obligations associated with the Senior Convertible Notes for the first half of 2023 have effectively been substantially pre-funded with the amounts deposited into restricted accounts as required by the Convertible Notes Amendment. In the second half of 2022, we plan to continue to rigorously explore potential financing alternatives and other strategic options in addition to enhancing the liquidity of our Common Stock. In addition to and to the extent practical in the future, based on market conditions, we will consider incremental offerings of Common Stock through our previously authorized ATM Program; however, we do not consider this a viable alternative unless and until we are able to successfully address the minimum listing requirements of the Nasdaq Market with the proposed Reverse Stock Split. Through July 31, 2022, we have utilized $2.7 million of the total $25 million authorized by the ATM Program.

If we are unable to secure other potential financing alternatives or fail to execute any other strategic options to raise sufficient additional funds through the first half of 2023, including through the ATM Program, we will have to develop and implement more aggressive plans to address our liquidity needs and our ability to satisfy the scheduled maturity of our obligations under the Senior Convertible Notes. Such plans could include extending payables, further reductions of expenditures (including the termination of additional employees) and reducing or eliminating investments in and the funding of certain of our business units and initiatives, or otherwise substantially scale back our business plan until sufficient additional capital is raised through other equity or debt offerings. Such offerings may include the issuance of shares of common stock, warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock, convertible debt or other instruments that may dilute our current stockholders. Accordingly, we may be subject to additional risks, including retention of key employees and limitations on the extension of credit by our vendors and other service providers. If we are required to raise additional capital as discussed above and if we cannot timely raise additional funds, we may be unable to meet the financial covenants of the Senior Convertible Notes, which could result in an event of default under those instruments which could adversely impact the Company. See the risks detailed in our Form 10-K under “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Relating to our Convertible Debt”.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to successfully execute the plans described above and attain profitable operations. Despite the comprehensive scope of our plans, the inherent risks associated with their successful execution are not sufficient to fully overcome substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, if we are unable to raise sufficient capital we may have to reduce operations which could significantly and adversely affect our results of operations. If we fail to meet the financial covenants of the Senior Convertible Notes and cannot obtain a waiver from such provisions or otherwise come to an agreement with the holders of our debt, such holders may declare a default on the debt which could subject our assets to seizure and sale, negatively impacting our business.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of assets and liabilities that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information normally required by GAAP or Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations for complete financial statements. In management’s opinion, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods presented. The operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. 

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of and for the period ended December 31, 2021, has been derived from our audited financial statements at that date but does not include all disclosures and financial information required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the period ended December 31, 2021, which were included in our report on Form 10-K filed on June 30, 2022. 

Principles of Consolidation

Our accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Akerna and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Our most significant estimates and assumptions are related to the valuation of acquisition-related assets and liabilities, capitalization of internal costs associated with software development, fair value measurements, impairment assessments, loss contingencies, valuation allowance associated with deferred tax assets, stock based compensation expenses, and useful lives of long-lived intangible assets. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated all of our activities through the issuance date of our condensed consolidated financial statements and has concluded that, with the exception of the issuance of common stock and warrants in an offering that closed on July 5, 2022, as disclosed in Note 4, no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in our condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes thereto.

Accounts Receivable, Net

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts based on our historical collection experience and review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. Receivables are written-off and charged against the recorded allowance when we have exhausted collection efforts without success. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.7 million and $0.3 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

We grant credit in the normal course of business to customers in the United States and Canada. We periodically perform credit analysis and monitor the financial condition of our customers to reduce credit risk. 

During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, one government client accounted for 11% and 11% of total revenues, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, one government client accounted for 30% of net accounts receivable and as of December 31, 2021 two government clients accounted for 37% of net accounts receivable. 

Segment Reporting

We operate our business as one operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), our Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CODM allocates resources and assesses performance based upon discrete financial information at the consolidated level. 

In the following table, we disclose the combined gross balance of our fixed assets, capitalized software, and intangible assets by geographical location (in thousands):

Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”) which, together with related amendments to GAAP, represents ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). ASC 842 superseded all prior GAAP with respect to leases. ASC 842 established a right-of-use model which requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases are to be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. We adopted ASC 842 effective January 1, 2022 and due to the immaterial impact of applying this standard to our limited assets subject to operating leases, there was no material impact to our balance sheets and statements of operations.

The FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815 (“ASU 2020-01”) which provides guidance clarifying interactions between various standards governing investments in equity securities. The guidance addresses accounting for the transition into and out of the equity method and measurement of certain purchased options and forward contracts to acquire investments. We adopted ASU 2020-01 effective January 1, 2022 and there was no material impact to our balance sheets and statements of operations.

The FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04, Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, (“ASU 2021-04”) which provides clarification and reduces diversity in practice with respect to an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (such as warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. We adopted ASU 2021-04 effective January 1, 2022 and there was no material impact to our balance sheets and statements of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption

The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”) which introduced a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on estimated current expected credit losses, or CECL. ASU 2016-13 requires and entity to estimate CECL on trade receivables at inception, based on historical information, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13, and subsequent amendments, is effective for us beginning on January 1, 2023. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.

The FABS issued ASU No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplified the accounting for convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminated certain models that require separate accounting for embedded conversion features, in certain cases. Additionally, among other changes, ASU 2020-06 eliminates certain of the conditions for equity classification for contracts in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 also requires entities to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments in the diluted earnings per share calculation and include the effects of shares settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares, except for certain liability-classified share-based payment awards. ASU 2020-06 is required to be adopted by us beginning on January 1, 2023 and must be applied using either a modified or full retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the impact ASU 2020-06 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

The FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2021-08”), which amends the accounting related to contract assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations. Under current GAAP, an entity generally recognizes assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers, at fair value on the acquisition date. ASU 2021-08 requires that entities recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively to businesses combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendment. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 – Revenue

We recognize revenue when a customer obtains the benefit of promised services, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those services. In determining the amount of revenue to be recognized, we perform the following steps: (i) identification of the contract with a customer; (ii) identification of the promised services in the contract and determination of whether the promised services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. 

Software Revenue. Our software revenue is generated from subscriptions and services related to the use of our commercial software platforms, MJ Platform®, Ample, Trellis, Viridian, 365 Cannabis, and our government regulatory platform, Leaf Data Systems, and the sale of business intelligence, data analytics and other software related services. For our SMB customers, software contracts are generally annual contracts paid monthly in advance of service and typically cancellable upon 30 days’ notice after the end of the contract period. Leaf Data Systems contracts are generally multi-year contracts payable annually or quarterly in advance of service. Commercial software and Leaf Data Systems contracts generally may only be terminated early for breach of contract as defined in the respective agreements. Our enterprise contracts are typically multi-year contracts paid monthly in advance of services and are generally cancellable with at least one month’s notice before the end of the contract period. Amounts that have been invoiced are initially recorded as deferred revenue or contract liabilities. Subscription revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service term of the arrangement beginning on the date that our solution is made available to the customer and ending at the expiration of the subscription term. We typically invoice customers at the beginning of the term, in multi-year, annual, quarterly, or monthly installments. When a collection of fees occurs in advance of service delivery, revenue recognition is deferred until such services commence. Revenue for implementation fees is recognized ratably over the expected term of the contract, including expected renewals.

We include service level commitments to customers warranting certain levels of uptime reliability and performance and permitting those customers to receive credits if those levels are not met. In addition, customer contracts often include: specific obligations that require us to maintain the availability of the customer’s data through the service and that customer content is secured against unauthorized access or loss, and indemnity provisions whereby we indemnify customers from third-party claims asserted against them that result from our failure to maintain the availability of their content or securing the same from unauthorized access or loss. To date, we have not incurred any material costs as a result of such commitments. Any such credits or payments made to customers under these arrangements are recorded as a reduction of revenue.

Consulting Revenue. Consulting services revenue is generated by providing solutions for operators in the pre-application of licensures and pre-operational phases of development and consists of contracts with fixed terms and fee structures based upon the volume and activity or fixed-price contracts for consulting and strategic services. These services include application and business plan preparation as they seek licenses to be granted. Consulting projects completed during the pre-application phase generally solidify us as the software vendor of choice for subsequent operational phases once the operator is granted the license. As a result, our consulting revenue is driven as new emerging states pass legislation, and as our client-operators gain licenses. When these services are not combined with subscription revenues as a single unit of account, these revenues are recognized as services are rendered and accepted by the customer. 

Other Revenue. Our other revenue is derived primarily from point-of-sale hardware and other non-recurring revenue. We recognize revenue as these products are delivered and title has transferred.

Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue consists primarily of costs related to providing subscription and other services to our customers, including employee compensation and related expenses for data center operations, customer support and professional services personnel, payments to outside technology service providers, security services, and other tools.

Deferred Revenue. Deferred revenue consists of payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscription, implementation and consulting services. The deferred revenue balance is influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the compounding effects of renewals, contract duration, and invoice frequency. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as deferred revenue, which is presented as a current liability while amounts that will be recognized in periods greater than twelve months in the future are recognized as a noncurrent liability on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. 

Disaggregation of Revenue

We derive the majority of our revenue from subscription fees paid for access to and usage of our “software as a service,” or SaaS, solutions for a specified period of time, typically one to three years. In addition to subscription fees, contracts with customers may include implementation fees for launch assistance and training. Fixed subscription and implementation fees are billed in advance of the subscription term and are due in accordance with contract terms, which generally provide for payment within 30 days. Our contractual arrangements include performance, termination and cancellation provisions, but do not provide for refunds. Customers do not have the contractual right to take possession of tour software at any time.

Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities are excluded from revenue.

The following tables summarizes our revenue disaggregation of enterprise offerings and non-enterprise offerings for the following periods (in thousands):

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Customers may elect to purchase a subscription to multiple modules, multiple modules with multiple service levels, or, for certain of the Company’s solutions. We evaluate such contracts to determine whether the services to be provided are distinct and accordingly should be accounted for as separate performance obligations. If we determine that a contract has multiple performance obligations, the transaction price, which is the total price of the contract, is allocated to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price method. We estimate standalone selling price based on observable prices in past transactions for which the product offering subject to the performance obligation has been sold separately. As the performance obligations are satisfied, revenue is recognized as discussed above in the product descriptions.

Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligation

GAAP provides certain practical expedients that limit the required disclosure of the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied. As many of the contracts the Company has entered into with customers are for a twelve-month subscription term, a significant portion of performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of June 30, 2022 are part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less. For contracts with an original expected duration of greater than one year, for which the practical expedient does not apply, the aggregate transaction price allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligations was $22.3 million as of June 30, 2022, of which $11.9 million is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next twelve months.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue represents the unearned portion of subscription and implementation fees. Deferred revenue is recorded when cash payments are received in advance of performance. Deferred amounts are generally recognized within one to three years. Deferred revenue is included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets under current liabilities, net of any long-term portion that is included in noncurrent liabilities.

The following table summarizes deferred revenue activity for the six months ended June 30, 2022 (in thousands):

Of the $13.0 million of revenue recognized in the six months ended June 30, 2022, $3.1 million was included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2021.

Costs to Obtain Contracts

We capitalize sales commissions that are directly related to obtaining customer contracts and that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. These costs are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are classified as a component of Prepaid expenses and other current assets. Deferred contract costs are amortized to sales and marketing expense over the expected period of benefit, which we have determined to be one to three years based on the estimated customer relationship period.

The following table summarizes deferred contract cost activity for the six months ended June 30, 2022 (in thousands):

Note 4 – Significant Transactions

Convertible Notes Amendment

On June 30, 2022, we and the holders Senior Convertible Notes entered into the Convertible Notes Amendment to add covenants such that (a) we will be subject to a daily cash test beginning on July 1, 2022 of having an available cash balance of at least $7 million, which amount shall be reduced by $1 million on each of the dates at which the aggregate principal due upon the Senior Convertible Notes is equal to or less than $14 million and $11 million, subject in all cases to a minimum of $5 million, and (b) we will establish and maintain bank accounts for each holder and deposit in such accounts an aggregate amount of $7 million with such amount to be released from the accounts only upon the written consent of such holder, provided that $1 million will automatically release from the accounts upon the occurrence of each of the dates at which the aggregate principal due upon the Senior Convertible Notes is equal to or less than $14 million and $11 million, subject to certain conditions. Further the holders of the Senior Convertible Notes waived provisions such that (i) no amortization payments are due and payable for any payments previously required to be made from July 1, 2022 through January 1, 2023, (ii) the holders of the Senior Convertible Notes will not accelerate any previously deferred installment amounts until January 1, 2023 and (iii) the terms of the Senior Convertible Notes which would provide for reset of the conversion price of the Senior Convertible Notes as a result of the issuance of securities under the Unit Offering and instead agree to a reset of the conversion price equal to a per share price of 135% of the Unit Offering price, or $0.3105 per unit.

Unit Offering

On June 30, 2022, we entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Underwriter”), in connection with the Unit Offering which is comprised of an aggregate of (i) 29,382,861 units of the Company consisting of 29,382,861 shares of Common Stock together with Common Stock warrants (the “Common Warrants”) to purchase up to 29,382,861 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 14,095,400 pre-funded units, consisting of 14,095,400 pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”), with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of Common Stock, together with Common Warrants to purchase up to 14,095,400 shares of Common Stock. The units were sold at a public offering price of $0.23 per unit and the pre-funded units were sold at a public offering price of $0.2299 per pre-funded unit. Each Share and each Pre-Funded Warrant was sold with an accompanying Common Warrant but were issued separately and are immediately tradeable separately upon issuance.

The Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable at a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 or on a cashless basis and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The Common Warrants have an exercise price of $0.23 per share subject to certain adjustments, are immediately exercisable and will expire five years from the date of issuance.

The Pre-Funded Warrants were sold to purchasers whose purchase of shares of Common Stock in the Offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding Common Stock immediately following the consummation of the Unit Offering, in lieu of shares of Common Stock. Each Pre-Funded Warrant represents the right to purchase one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share.

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, we granted the Underwriter a 45-day option from June 30, 2022 to purchase from the Company (i) additional shares of Common Stock and/or (ii) Common Warrants and/or (iii) Pre-Funded Warrants, in any combination thereof, up to, and not to exceed, 13,043,478 shares of Common Stock or shares of Common Stock underlying Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants, in the aggregate, solely to cover over-allotments, if any.

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement and upon closing of the Unit Offering, we issued to the Underwriter warrants to purchase up to 2,173,913 shares of Common Stock (the “Underwriter Warrants” and, together with the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants, the “Warrants”), which is 5.0% of the aggregate number of Shares and Shares issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants sold in the Unit Offering. The Underwriter Warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, commencing from six months after June 29, 2022 (the “Effective Date”) and ending five years from the Effective Date, at a price per share equal to $0.23, which is the public offering price per unit.

The Unit Offering closed on July 5, 2022 and we received net proceeds of approximately $9.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and related expenses. In connection with the Convertible Notes Amendment, a total of $7 million of the proceeds were deposited into certain restricted cash accounts. We intend to use the remaining net proceeds from the Unit Offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, marketing, product development and capital expenditures.

Restructuring

In May 2022, we implemented the Restructuring as approved by our board of directors. The Restructuring resulted in a reduction of the Company’s workforce by 59 employees, or approximately 33 percent of the Company. We incurred costs of approximately $0.5 million in severance benefits, including employee insurance, associated payroll taxes and legal costs in connection with the Restructuring. Of the total amount incurred, $0.3 million was included in Sales and marketing costs, $0.2 million was recorded in Product development and less than $0.1 million was included in Cost of revenue and General and administrative expenses, respectively. All amounts directly attributable to the severed employees were settled in cash during the quarter ended June 30, 2022. Accordingly, we have no material obligations remaining associated with the Restructuring. In addition to the reduction in force, the Company’s executive leadership team agreed to a temporary 25 percent reduction in salary, subject to certain conditions.

2021 Transactions

Viridian Sciences

On April 1, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Viridian Sciences Inc. (“Viridian”), a cannabis business management software provider that is built on SAP Business One. We acquired Viridian in exchange for 1.0 million shares of our common stock valued at $6.0 million. In addition to the stock consideration, the agreement provides for contingent consideration of up to $1.0 million, payable in additional common stock, if Viridian meets certain revenue criteria. We finalized our purchase price accounting during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and there were no changes to the previously disclosed purchase price accounting. 

365 Cannabis

On October 1, 2021, we acquired all the issued and outstanding shares of 365 Cannabis. Under the terms of the stock purchase agreement (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”), the aggregate consideration for the 365 Cannabis shares consisted of an initial purchase price of (1) $5,000,000 in cash, (2) $12,000,000 in stock, which was to be settled by issuing 3.6 million shares of our common stock, and (3) contingent value rights to be issued pursuant to a rights indenture entitling the holders thereof to receive, subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the Agreement, an aggregate of up to $8,000,000 in stock, in the event that 365 Cannabis achieves certain revenue targets as specified in the Agreement. These rights are accounted for as contingent consideration and are currently recorded at preliminary fair value which will be updated upon finalization of purchase accounting.

We reached a working capital settlement agreement during the first quarter of 2022 in the amount of $1.5 million. As a result of this post-close adjustment, the 365 Cannabis purchase price was reduced by $1.5 million. This was recorded as follows: 1) a receivable of $400,000 was booked in other current assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022 and was received in the second quarter of 2022, 2) a reduction of $160,000 was made to the working capital accrual that was booked as of December 31, 2021, and 3) 279,762 shares worth $940,000 that were held in escrow were released back to Akerna to cover the remainder of the working capital adjustment.

On May 23, 2022, we and the sellers of 365 Cannabis entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Stock Purchase Agreement in order to provide the Sellers an election to have the potential earn-out payment, recognized as contingent consideration in the table below, paid in cash or Common Stock or in any combination thereof. Under the Amendment, if a seller elects to have any portion of the earn-out payment paid in cash such amount payable will be reduced by 25%.

The updated consideration transferred is reflected in the table below (in thousands): 

The opening balance sheet presented below reflects our updated purchase price allocation, summarizing the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition (in thousands): 

The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill, which is primarily attributed to the assembled workforce and expanded market opportunities, for which there is no basis for U.S. income tax purposes. The fair values assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions. We expect to finalize the valuation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma consolidated operating results give effect to the Viridian and 365 Cannabis acquisitions, as if they had been completed as of January 1, 2020 (in thousands): 

The pro forma financial information for the period presented above has been calculated after adjusting the results of Viridian and 365 Cannabis to reflect the business combination accounting effects resulting from this acquisition, including the amortization expense from acquired intangible assets as though the acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the periods indicated above as well as direct acquisition costs. The pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of the years indicated above.

Special Voting Preferred Stock and Exchangeable Shares

In connection with the Ample acquisition, which was completed on July 7, 2020, we entered into agreements with our wholly-owned subsidiary and the Ample shareholder representative that resulted in the issuance of a single share of our special voting preferred stock, for the purpose of ensuring that each Exchangeable Share is substantially the economic and voting equivalent of a share of Akerna common stock, and, following the registration of the Akerna shares issuable upon exchange of the Exchangeable Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, ensuring that each Exchangeable Share is exchangeable on a one-for-one basis for a share of Akerna common stock, subject to certain limitations. As a result of these agreements and the issuance of the special voting preferred stock, each holder of Exchangeable Shares effectively has the ability to cast votes along with holders of Akerna common stock. Additionally, these agreements grant exchange rights to the holders of exchangeable shares upon the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

The special voting preferred stock has a par value of $0.0001 per share and a preference in liquidation of $1.00. The special voting preferred stock entitles the holder to an aggregate number of votes equal to the number of the exchangeable shares issued and outstanding from time to time and which we do not own. The holder of the special voting preferred stock and the holders of shares of Akerna common stock will both together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders. At such time as the special voting preferred stock has no votes attached to it, the share shall be automatically cancelled. The exchangeable shares do not have a par value.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, several Ample shareholders exchanged a total of 18,094 exchangeable shares with a value of $138,419 for the same number of shares of Akerna common stock. The exchange was accounted for as an equity transaction and we did not recognize a gain or loss on this transaction. As of June 30, 2022, there were a total of 291,192 exchangeable shares issued and outstanding.

Note 5 - Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other accrued liabilities consisted of the following: 

Note 6 - Fair Value 

Fair Value Option Election – Convertible Notes 

We issued convertible notes with a principal amount of $17.0 million at a purchase price of $15.0 million (the “2020 Notes”) on June 9, 2020. The 2020 Notes were paid in full on October 5, 2021 and were replaced by the Senior Convertible Notes of $20.0 million at a purchase price of $18.0 million on the same date. We elected to account for both the 2020 Notes and the Senior Convertible Notes using the fair value option. Under the fair value option, the financial liability is initially measured at its issue-date estimated fair value and subsequently remeasured at its estimated fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period date. The change in estimated fair value resulting from changes in instrument-specific credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income as a component of equity. The remaining estimated fair value adjustment is presented as a single line item within other (expense) income in our condensed consolidated statements of operations under the caption, change in fair value of convertible notes.

For the 2020 Notes and the Senior Convertible Notes, which are measured at fair value categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the following is a reconciliation of the fair values for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021:

The estimated fair value of the Senior Convertible Notes as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, was computed using a Monte Carlo simulation, which incorporates significant inputs that are not observable in the market, and thus represents a Level 3 measurement as defined by GAAP. The unobservable inputs utilized for measuring the fair value of the Senior Convertible Notes reflect our assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the Senior Convertible Notes as of the issuance date and subsequent reporting period. The Convertible Notes Amendment qualifies as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”); however, there is no impact on the consolidated balance sheet or in the statement of operations as a result of the TDR as the Senior Convertible Notes are recorded at their fair value.

We estimated the fair value by using the following key inputs to the Monte Carlo Simulation Model: 

Fair Value Measurement – Warrants
 

In connection with MTech Acquisition Corp.’s (“MTech”) initial public offering, MTech sold 5,750,000 units at a purchase price of $10.00 per unit, inclusive of 750,000 units sold to the underwriters on February 8, 2018, upon the underwriters’ election to fully exercise their over-allotment option. Each unit consisted of one share of MTech’s common stock and one warrant of MTech (“MTech Public Warrant”). Each MTech Public Warrant entitled the holder to purchase one share of MTech’s common stock at an exercise price of $11.50. Concurrently with MTech’s initial public offering, MTech sold 243,750 units at a purchase price of $10.00 per unit on a private offering basis. Each unit consisted of one share of MTech’s common stock and one warrant of MTech (“MTech Private Warrant”). Each MTech Private Warrant entitled the holder to purchase one share of MTech’s common stock at an exercise price of $11.50. 

Upon completion of the mergers between MTech and MJF on June 17, 2019, as contemplated by the Merger Agreement dated October 10, 2018, as amended (“Mergers”), the MTech Public Warrants and the MTech Private Warrants were converted, respectively, at an exchange ratio of one-for-one to a warrant to purchase one share of Akerna’s Common Stock with identical terms and conditions as the MTech Public Warrants (“Public Warrant”) and the MTech Private Warrants (“Private Warrant”, collectively with the Public Warrants, “Warrants”) In connection with the completion of the Mergers, we also issued 189,365 common stock purchase warrants upon the cashless exercise of a unit purchase option, which warrants have identical terms to the Public Warrants and are included in references to Public Warrants and Warrants herein.

For the Private Warrants classified as derivative liabilities, which are measured at fair value categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the following is a reconciliation of the fair values for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021:

We utilized a binomial lattice model, which incorporates significant inputs, specifically the expected volatility, that are not observable in the market, and thus represents a Level 3 measurement as defined in GAAP. The unobservable inputs utilized for measuring the fair value of the Private Warrants reflect our estimates regarding the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the Warrants as of the end of the reporting periods.

We record the fair value of the Private Warrants in the consolidated balance sheets under the caption “derivative liability” and recognize changes to the liability against earnings or loss each reporting period. Upon exercise of the Private Warrants, holders will receive a delivery of Akerna shares on a net or gross share basis per the terms of the Private Warrants and any exercise will reclassify the Private Warrants, at the time of exercise, to shareholder’s equity to reflect the equity transaction. There are no periodic settlements prior to the holder exercising the Private Warrants. There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 from other levels for the fair value hierarchy.

We estimated the fair value by using the following key inputs:

Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

On December 4, 2020, TechMagic USA LLC (“TechMagic”) filed suit against our wholly-owned subsidiary, Solo, in the Massachusetts Superior Court, Department Business Litigation, seeking recovery for certain unpaid invoices pursuant to a Master Services Agreement dated February 5, 2018 (the “Master Services Agreement”) by and between TechMagic and Solo. The suit sought recovery for continued fees under the Master Services Agreement through the end of January 2021. Akerna provided a notice of termination of the Master Services Agreement on November 23, 2020 and the parties disputed the effective date of the termination. Solo disputed the validity of the invoices, in whole or in part. Mr. Ashesh Shah, formerly the president of Solo and currently the holder of less than 5% of our issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock is, to our knowledge, the founder and one of the principal managers of TechMagic. On May 21, 2021, Solo filed suit against two of Solo’s former directors, Mr. Shah and Palle Pedersen. Solo sought recovery for Mr. Shah’s intentional interference with contractual relations, and the defendant’s breaches of various fiduciary duties owed to Solo. Defendant Shah engaged in improper communications with Solo’s customers with the intent that those customers cease their contractual relations with Solo. The defendants also entered into an improper contract with a contractual counter party with whom the defendants had a conflict of interest. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss, which the court found unpersuasive and denied. In July 2022, we entered into an agreement with TechMagic and the defendants to dismiss all litigation and claims described above. In connection with the settlement agreement, we reversed our previously accrued loss contingency of $0.5 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2022.

On April 2, 2021, TreCom Systems Group, Inc. (“TreCom”) filed suit against Akerna and our wholly-owned subsidiary, MJ Freeway, LLC, in federal District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, seeking recovery of up to approximately $2 million for services allegedly provided pursuant to a Subcontractor Agreement between MJ Freeway and TreCom. MJ Freeway provided a notice of termination of the operative Subcontractor Agreement on August 4, 2020. MJ Freeway disputes the validity of TreCom’s invoices and the enforceability of the alleged agreement that TreCom submitted to the court. Akerna filed counterclaims against TreCom for breach of contract, a declaratory judgment, commercial disparagement, and defamation. TreCom failed to return Akerna’s intellectual property and issued numerous disparaging statements to one of Akerna’s clients. TreCom subsequently filed a motion to dismiss these counterclaims, which was denied by the court. Akerna intends to vigorously defend against TreCom’s claims, and pursue its own claims. As of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022, we recognized a loss contingency of $0.2 million.

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business. We will accrue a liability for such matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of possible loss can be established, the most probable amount in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. The accrual for a litigation loss contingency might include, for example, estimates of potential damages, outside legal fees and other directly related costs expected to be incurred. As of June 30, 2022, and through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued, there were no other legal proceedings requiring recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

Operating Leases

During the first half of 2022, we began negotiations to terminate the 365 Cannabis office lease in Las Vegas, Nevada. We recorded an obligation and lease termination expense of $0.5 million which is management’s best estimate of the costs to exit our existing lease. The lease termination expense is included within the General and Administrative expense line item on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. 

Note 8 - Loss Per Share 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we used the two-class method to compute net loss per share because we issued securities other than common stock that are economically equivalent to a common share in that the class of stock has the right to participate in dividends should a dividend be declared payable to holders of Akerna Common Stock. These participating securities were the Exchangeable Shares issued by our wholly owned subsidiary in exchange for interest in Ample. The two-class method requires earnings for the period to be allocated between the Common Stock and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive distributed and undistributed earnings. Under the two-class method, for periods with net income, basic net income per common share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Net income attributable to common stockholders is computed by subtracting from net income the portion of current period earnings that the participating securities would have been entitled to receive pursuant to their dividend rights had all of the period’s earnings been distributed. No such adjustment to earnings is made during periods with a net loss, as the holders of the Exchangeable Shares have no obligation to fund losses.

Diluted net loss per common share is calculated under the two-class method by giving effect to all potentially dilutive Common Stock, including warrants, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of our Senior Convertible Notes. We analyzed the potential dilutive effect of any outstanding convertible securities under the “if-converted” method, in which it is assumed that the outstanding Exchangeable Shares and Senior Convertible Notes are converted to shares of Common Stock at the beginning of the period or date of issuance, if later. We report the more dilutive of the approaches two-class or “if-converted”) as the diluted net loss per share during the period. The dilutive effect of unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units is reflected in diluted loss per share by application of the treasury stock method and is excluded when the effect would be anti-dilutive. 

The weighted-average number of shares outstanding used in the computation of diluted earnings per share does not include the effect of potential outstanding common shares that would have been anti-dilutive for the period.

The table below details potentially outstanding shares on a fully diluted basis that were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share:

Note 9 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net 

Impairments

Based on our qualitative assessment of goodwill, we determined it was necessary to perform a quantitative valuation of goodwill as of March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022. Unchanged from the year ended December 31, 2021, we determined there were two reporting units: the enterprise reporting unit which is comprised of the enterprise software offerings and the non-enterprise reporting unit which is comprised of the non-enterprise software offerings. The valuations of our goodwill was determined with the assistance of an independent valuation firm using the income approach (discounted cash flows method) and the market approach (guideline public company method). Our significant assumptions in these analyses include, but are not limited to, future cash flow projections, the weighted average cost of capital, the discount rate, the implied control premium, the terminal growth rate, and the tax rate. Our estimates of future cash flows are based on current regulatory and economic climates, recent operating results, and planned business strategies. These estimates could be negatively affected by changes in federal, state, or local regulations or economic downturns. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from the Company’s estimates. If our ongoing estimates of future cash flows are not met, we may have to record additional impairment charges in future periods. We also use the Guideline Public Company Method, a form of the market approach (utilizing Level 3 unobservable inputs), which is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate giving consideration to risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services. As such, we believe the current assumptions and estimates utilized are both reasonable and appropriate.

Enterprise Reporting Unit

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, due primarily to a continued decline in market valuation from December 31, 2021, we recorded an impairment expense of $12.9 million to goodwill for our enterprise reporting unit. To perform our analysis, we applied a 50% weighting to the market approach and 50% weighted to the income approach. 

Non-Enterprise Reporting Unit

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to a continued decline in market valuation from December 31, 2021, we recorded impairment expenses of $11.2 million and $23.5 million, respectively, related to our non-enterprise reporting unit. To perform our analysis, we applied a 25% weighting to the income approach and a 75% weighting to the market approach. 

Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Net

We performed a two step impairment test for the asset groups that had indicators of impairment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and as a result of these analyses, we recorded impairments of $3.2 million attributable to certain intangible assets and capitalized software associated with one specific business line within the Non-Enterprise Reporting Unit.

Note 10 - Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate was 0.44% and 0.08% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Differences between the statutory rate and our effective tax rate resulted from changes in valuation allowance and permanent differences for tax purposes in the treatment of certain nondeductible expenses. Our effective tax rate is impacted by indefinite-lived deferred tax liabilities, resulting primarily from the acquisition of 365 Cannabis, which cannot be considered as a source of future taxable income available to utilize recorded deferred tax assets based on the Company’s scheduling and the 80% limit on the utilization of net operating loss carry forwards under current US tax law. Uncertain tax positions related to penalties of less than $0.1 million have been reversed for the three months ended June 30, 2022 as a result of the Internal Revenue Service’s dismissal of the potential penalties. 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, and the related notes thereto, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”).

Akerna Corp., herein referred to as “we”, “us”, “our,” the “Company” or “Akerna”, through our wholly-owned subsidiaries MJ Freeway, LLC, Trellis Solutions, Inc., Ample Organics, Inc., solo sciences, inc., Viridian Sciences Inc., and The NAV People, Inc. d.b.a. 365 Cannabis.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q including all exhibits hereto contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding future events or our future results of operations, financial condition, business, strategies, financial needs, and the plans and objectives of management. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “likely,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. Forward-looking statements are based on information available to our management as of the date of this Quarterly Report and our management’s good faith belief as of such date with respect to future events and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements, in particular the substantial risks and uncertainties related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, believed, estimated, or expected. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We disclaim any obligation to revise subsequently any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. We qualify all the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report by the foregoing cautionary statements.

Business Overview

Akerna is a leading provider of software solutions within the cannabis industry. Cannabis businesses face significant complexity due to the stringent regulations and restrictions that shift based on regional, state, and national governing bodies. As the first to market more than ten years ago, Akerna’s family of software platforms help to enable regulatory compliance and inventory management across the entire supply chain. When the legal cannabis market started to grow, we identified a need for organic material tracking and regulatory compliance software as a service (SaaS) solution customized specifically for the unique needs of the industry. By providing an integrated ecosystem of applications and services that help our clients enable compliance, regulation, consumer safety and taxation, Akerna is building the technology backbone of the cannabis industry. While designed specifically for the unique needs of the cannabis market, our solutions are adaptable for other industries requiring government regulatory oversight, or where the tracking of organic materials from seed or plant to end products is desired.

Executing upon our expansion strategy, we acquire complementary software brands that service the cannabis industry to grow the scope of Akerna’s cannabis ecosystem. Since 2019, we have integrated six new brands into the Akerna product and service offering. Our first acquisition, Solo Sciences (“Solo”), was initiated in the fall of 2019, with the full acquisition completed in July 2020. We added Trellis Solutions (“Trellis”) to our portfolio on April 10, 2020 and finalized the acquisition of Ample Organics (“Ample”) and Last Call Analytics (“Last Call”) on July 7, 2020. On April 1, 2021 we completed our acquisition of Viridian Sciences Inc. (“Viridian”), a cannabis business management software system built on SAP Business One, followed by the acquisition of The NAV People, Inc. d.b.a 365 Cannabis (“365” Cannabis”), a cannabis business management software system built on Microsoft Business Central, on October 1, 2021. Through our growing family of companies, Akerna provides highly versatile platforms that equip our clients with a central data management system for tracking regulated products. Our solutions also provide clients with integrated security, transparency, and scalability capabilities, all while helping maintaining compliance with their governing regulations.

On the commercial side, our products help state-licensed businesses operate in compliance with applicable regional laws. Our integrated ecosystem provides integrations with third-party vendors and add-ons that enhance the capabilities of our commercial software platforms. On the regulatory side, we provide track and trace solutions that allow state governments to monitor compliance of licensed cannabis businesses. To date, our software has helped monitor the compliance of more than $30 billion in legal cannabis. While our software facilitates the success of legal cannabis businesses, we do not handle any cannabis-related material, do not process cannabis sales transactions within the United States (“U.S.”), and our revenue is generated from a fixed-fee based subscription and professional services model and is not related to the type or amount of sales made by our clients. 

We drive revenue growth through the development of our product line, our acquisitions and from continued expansion of our software and consulting offerings within the cannabis, hemp, and cannabidiol (“CBD”) industry. Businesses across the regulated cannabis industry use our solutions. The brand recognition of our existing products, our ability to provide services in all areas of the seed-to-sale life cycle, and our wealth of relevant experience attracts cultivation, manufacturing, and dispensary clients who are seeking comprehensive business optimization solutions. Our software solutions are designed to be scalable, and while mid-market and smaller customers have historically been our primary target segment, we are focused on extending our customer reach to address the needs of the emerging enterprise level operator. We believe these larger multi-state/multi-vertical operations represent significant long-term future growth opportunities as the cannabis industry continues to consolidate at a rapid rate. The sophistication of our platform accommodates the complexities of both multi-vertical and multi-state business needs, making us critical partners and allowing us to cultivate long-term, successful relationships with our clients.

Our platforms provide licensed businesses with a true enterprise solution for managing their inventory and compliance and allow government regulators to engage in accurate and real-time compliance monitoring. Key capabilities of our technology infrastructure include: 

Seed-to-Sale Tracking allows the tracking of products from cultivation, through harvest and processing and manufacturing, to the monitoring of the final sale to the patient or consumer. Our traceability technology captures every step in an individual plant’s life, providing visibility into the supply chain from any measurement of finished product dispensed to a patient or customer, back to the plant it came from, and all activity, transportation, and transactions that happen in between. While we do not provide payment processing, and never take, own, or handle any product or cash transaction, our platform records all sales as part of state and jurisdictional compliance Track-and-Trace processes. The data gathered throughout all of these processes is captured, and provides the insights and information needed to run an efficient and streamlined cannabis business. Seed-to-Sale software operates in a complementary relationship with state-mandated Track-and-Trace systems, replicating the reporting functionality and eliminating the need for operators to duplicate their compliance data into two disparate systems. Track-and-Trace systems are designed solely for government regulators to maintain compliance and do not have the sophistication or functionality to provide cannabis business owners with the insights and tools for effective business management. Our seed-to-sale platforms integrate with the state Track-and-Trace compliance system, reporting in the mandated data along the supply chain while also providing business owners with the capabilities to make informed business decisions based on the fully overview of their operations.

Track-and-Trace is the compliance reporting system used by regulatory bodies in most states. In order to adhere to their state-specific compliance regulations, cannabis operators are required to enter specific data points along the supply chain into the state-mandated track-and-trace system. By doing so, regulators can track the movement of cannabis inventory through the full supply chain, even when it moves between facilities or operators. The aggregated view that Track-and-Trace software seeks to ensure that the end product being sold has been grown, harvested, processed, transferred and sold compliantly, and provides assurance of safety to consumers.

Single System Integration allows state-licensed clients to manage inventory, customer records, and staff in one tracking system. MJ Platform and Leaf Data Systems platforms can be fully integrated with one another to create a streamlined Seed-to-Sale/Track-and-Trace solution. Additionally, our platforms can also be integrated with systems of numerous third-party suppliers. We have certified integrations with world class accounting solutions, including Sage, SAP, Microsoft and Netsuite. 

Anti-Counterfeiting Technology. Solo sciences provides next-generation anti-counterfeiting technology fused with a direct communication system between brands and consumers. The solo sciences mission is to build confidence and establish trust among consumers, while enabling retailers and distributors to close the loop with creators and producers.

Cannabis Market Insights are curated using the anonymized data aggregated through our Seed-to-Sale platform for key industry intelligence. With over $30 billion in cannabis sales tracked over the past twelve years, we have cultivated a substantial legal cannabis dataset across 30+ states and multiple countries. This data provides a detailed overview of key industry trends, giving us the ability to provide banks, investors, researchers, cannabis businesses, and non-cannabis businesses with cannabis market intelligence and comparison data.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software is a business process management software that manages and integrates a company’s financials, manufacturing, inventory, supply chain, operations, commerce, and reporting activities. ERP systems improve an operator’s efficiency and effectiveness by eliminating disparate systems, consolidating business critical information in a single location, reducing double entry data, and streamlining operations. ERP software solutions built for cannabis operators combine traditional accounting, manufacturing, inventory, and supply chain management with cannabis-specific track and trace and compliance functionality.

Using our years of experience, proprietary databases, and resources to identify trends and predict changes in the cannabis industry we evolve our products and better assist our clients in operating in compliance with the applicable laws of their jurisdictions and capitalizing on commercial opportunities within the applicable regulatory framework, with accuracy, efficiency, and geographic specificity. We have worked with clients and governments across the globe to create customized solutions that fit their specific regulatory and commercially compliant needs. While the majority of our clients are in the U.S. and Canada, our solutions allow cannabis businesses to operate efficiently in this fast-changing industry and comply with state, local, and federal (in countries such as Canada, Italy, Macedonia, and Colombia). Akerna and our family of companies is well-positioned to provide compliance solutions for the expanding national and international legal cannabis market.

Key Developments

The following general business development had or may have a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Convertible Notes Amendment

On June 30, 2022, we and the holders that are parties to the securities purchase agreement associated with our 2021 Senior Convertible Notes (the “Senior Convertible Notes”) entered into an amendment and waiver agreement (the “Convertible Notes Amendment”) to add covenants such that (a) we will be subject to a daily cash test beginning on July 1, 2022 of having an available cash balance of at least $7 million, which amount shall be reduced by $1 million on each of the dates at which the aggregate principal due upon the Senior Convertible Notes is equal to or less than $14 million and $11 million, subject in all cases to a minimum of $5 million, and (b) we will establish and maintain bank accounts for each holder and deposit in such accounts an aggregate amount of $7 million with such amount to be released from the accounts only upon the written consent of such holder, provided that $1 million will automatically release from the accounts upon the occurrence of each of the dates at which the aggregate principal due upon the Senior Convertible Notes is equal to or less than $14 million and $11 million, subject to certain conditions. Further the holders of the Senior Convertible Notes waived provisions such that (i) no amortization payments are due and payable for any payments previously required to be made from July 1, 2022 through January 1, 2023, (ii) the holders of the Senior Convertible Notes will not accelerate any previously deferred installment amounts until January 1, 2023 and (iii) the terms of the Senior Convertible Notes which would provide for reset of the conversion price of the Senior Convertible Notes as a result of the issuance of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”) and warrants (the “Unit Offering”) and instead agree to a reset of the conversion price equal to a per share price of 135% of the Unit Offering price, or $0.3105 per unit.

Unit Offering

On June 30, 2022, we entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Underwriter”), in connection with the Unit Offering which is comprised of an aggregate of (i) 29,382,861 units of the Company consisting of 29,382,861 shares of Common Stock together with Common Stock warrants (the “Common Warrants”) to purchase up to 29,382,861 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 14,095,400 pre-funded units, consisting of 14,095,400 pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”), with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of Common Stock, together with Common Warrants to purchase up to 14,095,400 shares of Common Stock. The units were sold at a public offering price of $0.23 per unit and the pre-funded units were sold at a public offering price of $0.2299 per pre-funded unit. Each Share and each Pre-Funded Warrant was sold with an accompanying Common Warrant but were issued separately and are immediately tradeable separately upon issuance.

The Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable at a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 or on a cashless basis and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The Common Warrants have an exercise price of $0.23 per share subject to certain adjustments, are immediately exercisable and will expire five years from the date of issuance.

The Pre-Funded Warrants were sold to purchasers whose purchase of shares of Common Stock in the Offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding Common Stock immediately following the consummation of the Unit Offering, in lieu of shares of Common Stock. Each Pre-Funded Warrant represents the right to purchase one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share.

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, we granted the Underwriter a 45-day option from June 30, 2022 to purchase from the Company (i) additional shares of Common Stock and/or (ii) Common Warrants and/or (iii) Pre-Funded Warrants, in any combination thereof, up to, and not to exceed, 13,043,478 shares of Common Stock or shares of Common Stock underlying Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants, in the aggregate, solely to cover over-allotments, if any.

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement and upon closing of the Unit Offering, we issued to the Underwriter warrants to purchase up to 2,173,913 shares of Common Stock (the “Underwriter Warrants” and, together with the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants, the “Warrants”), which is 5.0% of the aggregate number of Shares and Shares issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants sold in the Unit Offering. The Underwriter Warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, commencing from six months after June 29, 2022 (the “Effective Date”) and ending five years from the Effective Date, at a price per share equal to $0.23, which is the public offering price per unit.

The Unit Offering closed on July 5, 2022 and we received net proceeds of approximately $9.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and related expenses. In connection with the Convertible Notes Amendment, a total of $7 million of the proceeds were deposited into certain restricted cash accounts. We intend to use the remaining net proceeds from the Unit Offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, marketing, product development and capital expenditures.

Restructuring

In May 2022, we implemented a corporate restructuring initiative (the “Restructuring”) as approved by our board of directors. The Restructuring resulted in a reduction of the Company’s workforce by 59 employees, or approximately 33 percent of the Company. We incurred costs of approximately $0.7 million in severance benefits, including employee insurance, associated payroll taxes and legal costs in connection with the Restructuring. Of the total amount incurred, $0.3 million was included in Sales and marketing costs, $0.2 million was recorded in Product development and less than $0.1 million was included in Cost of revenue and General and administrative expenses, respectively. All amounts directly attributable to the severed employees were settled in cash during the quarter ended June 30, 2022. Accordingly, we have no material obligations remaining associated with the Restructuring. In addition to the reduction in force, the Company’s executive leadership team agreed to a temporary 25 percent reduction in salary, subject to certain conditions.

Financial Results of Operations

Revenue

We generate revenue from two primary sources: (1) software and (2) consulting services. Revenue from software comprised approximately 95% and 93% of our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Revenue from consulting services comprised approximately 4% and 7% of our revenue for six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Software. Our software is solutioned for our key markets, small and medium-sized business (“SMB”) and enterprise customers. Our SMB customers become a natural funnel for our larger, more robust enterprise offerings built on SAP and Microsoft. In either market, software revenue is generated from subscriptions and services related to the use of our commercial software platforms, MJ Platform, Ample, Trellis, Viridian, and 365 Cannabis, our government regulatory platform, Leaf Data Systems, and the sale of business intelligence, data analytics and other software related services. Software contracts are generally quarterly, annual, or three-year long contracts paid monthly, quarterly, or annually in advance of service and cancellable upon 30 or 90 days’ notice, although we do have many multi-year commercial software contracts. Leaf Data Systems contracts are generally multi-year contracts payable annually or quarterly in advance of service. Commercial software and Leaf Data Systems contracts generally may only be terminated early for breach of contract as defined in the respective agreements. Amounts that have been invoiced are initially recorded as deferred revenue or contract liabilities. Subscription revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service term of the arrangement beginning on the date that our solution is made available to the customer and ending at the expiration of the subscription term.

Consulting. Consulting services revenue is generated by providing solutions for operators in the pre-application of licensures and pre-operational phases of development. These services include application and business plan preparation as they seek licenses to be granted. Consulting projects completed during the pre-application phase generally solidify us as the software vendor of choice for subsequent operational phases once the operator is granted the license. As a result, our consulting revenue is driven as new emerging states pass legislation, and as our client-operators gain licenses. Accordingly, we expect our consulting services to grow over time as more states emerge with legalization reforms.

Other Revenue. Our other revenue is derived primarily from point-of-sale hardware and other non-recurring revenue.

Cost of Revenue and Operating Expenses

Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenue is derived from direct costs associated with operating our commercial and government regulatory software platforms and providing consulting services. The cost of revenue for our commercial and government regulatory platforms relates primarily to hosting and infrastructure costs and subcontractor expenses incurred in connection with certain government contracts. Consulting cost of revenue relates primarily to our employees’ and consultants’ salaries and other related compensation expenses. We record the cost of revenue using the direct cost method. This method requires the allocation of direct costs including support services and materials to the cost of revenue.

Product Development Expenses

Our product development expenses include salaries and benefits, nearshore contractor expenses, technology expenses, and other overhead related to the ongoing maintenance of our commercial and government regulatory software platforms and planning for new software development. Product development costs, other than software development expenses qualifying for capitalization, are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software development costs consist primarily of employee-related costs. We devote substantial resources to enhancing and maintaining our technology infrastructure, developing new and enhancing existing solutions, conducting quality assurance testing, and improving our core technology.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expense is primarily salaries and related expenses, including commissions, for our sales, marketing, and client service staff. We also categorize payments to partners and marketing programs as sales and marketing expenses. Marketing programs consist of advertising, events, such as trade shows, corporate communications, brand building, and product marketing activities. We plan to continue to invest in marketing and sales by expanding our domestic and international selling and marketing activities, building brand awareness, attracting new clients, and sponsoring additional marketing events. The timing of these marketing events will affect our marketing costs in a particular quarter.

We defer the portion of sales commissions that is considered a cost of obtaining a new contract with a customer in accordance with the revenue recognition standard and amortize these deferred costs over the period of benefit, currently one year. We expense the remaining sales commissions as incurred. The rates at which sales commissions are earned varies depending on a variety of factors, including the nature of the sale (new, renewal, or add-on service offering), the type of service or solution sold, and the sales channel.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits and other costs of departments serving administrative functions, such as executives, finance and accounting, human resources, public relations and investor relations. In addition, general and administrative expense includes non-personnel costs, such as professional fees and other supporting corporate expenses not allocated to cost of revenue, product and development or sales and marketing.

Other (Expense) Income, Net

Other (expense) income, net consists of interest income on cash and cash equivalents, interest expense on our debt, quarterly remeasurement of the fair value of our convertible notes and derivative liability, foreign currency gains and losses, and other non-operating gains and losses.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Since the date of the Annual Report, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies.

Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2022

The following table highlights our operating revenues and expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021:

nm – percentage change not meaningful

Revenue

Software Revenue

Total software revenue increased to $12.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 from $8.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, for an increase of $4.2 million, or 51%. Software revenue related to our enterprise offerings, Viridian and 365 Cannabis, for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were $5.9 million, compared to $0.9 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and software revenue related to our non-enterprise offerings, which include MJ Platform, Ample, Trellis, Solo, and Leaf Data Systems, declined to $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $6.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. There was also a decrease in partnership and data revenue which was $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $0.7 million during the same period in the prior year. Software revenue accounted for 95% and 93% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As indicated above, the increase in software revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021 was attributable to revenue generated from our enterprise offerings sourced primarily from 365 Cannabis which was acquired during the fourth quarter of 2021. Also contributing to the increase was $0.4 million of non-recurring contract termination fees attributable to two customers.

Consulting Revenue

Consulting revenue includes revenue generated from consulting services delivered to prospective and current cannabis, hemp and CBD businesses and business operators. Our consulting revenue was $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, decrease of less than $0.1 million, or 7%. Consulting revenue was 4% and 7% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Due to the nature of consulting revenue, our dependence on emerging market activity and the ongoing pandemic as a driver of demand, the percentage of consulting revenue over total revenue has varied from period to period depending on whether state legislation has expanded to allow new market entrants or growth of existing market participant operations.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes retail/resale revenue, which is generated from point-of-sale hardware, and other non-recurring revenues. Other revenue was less than $0.1 million for each of the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenue was $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $0.6 million, or 20%. Total cost of revenue increased primarily as a result of an increase in software application and hosting expenses of $0.5 million and fees for Microsoft licenses in the amount of $0.9 million related to our acquisitions of Viridian and 365 Cannabis. These increases were partially offset by the reversal of a litigation contingency of approximately $0.5 million (see Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the reversal of the litigation reserves).

Gross Profit

Gross profit was $9.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $5.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $3.4 million or 62%. The gross profit margin increased to 69% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 from 62% for the six months ended June 30, 2021. 

Operating Expenses

Product Development

Product development expense was $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $0.9 million, or 31%. Product development expense increased due primarily to the Viridian and 365 Cannabis acquisitions, which resulted in a $0.9 million increase in salary-related and contractor expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year as well as higher software and application costs and severance benefit costs associated with the Restructuring partially offset by lower recruiting and share-based compensation costs.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense was $6.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $3.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $2.8 million, or 80%. The increase in sales and marketing expense is primarily related to the acquisitions of Viridian and 365 Cannabis which resulted in an increase of $2.5 million in salary-related and contractor expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021. In addition, the 2022 period included approximately $0.3 million of severance benefits associated with the Restructuring.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense was $5.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $6.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 20%. The period in 2022 and 2021 include charges associated with office lease terminations and, in the case of 2021, the associated write-off of certain leasehold improvements. During the 2022 period, we terminated our Las Vegas office space which resulted in a restructuring charge of $0.5 million while the 2021 period reflected charges of $2.4 million associated with the exit from our former Toronto office. There was also an increase of $0.2 million in salary-related and contractor expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year. 

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 from $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $1.6 million, or 68%. The increase in amortization expense is primarily attributable to the acquired intangible assets from our Viridian and 365 Cannabis acquisitions in the amount of $0.8 million, which both occurred after June 30, 2021, as well as an increase in capitalized software in the amount of $0.8 million.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Due to a continued decline in market conditions from December 31, 2021 to June 30, 2022, we recorded impairment charges of $36.4 million including $23.5 million attributable to goodwill associated with the non-enterprise reporting unit and $12.9 million associated with the goodwill of the enterprise reporting unit during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to no impairment charge for the six months ended June 30, 2021. In addition, we recorded impairments of $3.2 million attributable to certain intangible assets and capitalized software associated with one specific business line within the non-enterprise reporting unit during the six months ended June 30, 2022 (see Note 9 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion on the impairments recorded).

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2021

The following table highlights our operating revenues and expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021:

nm – percentage change not meaningful

Revenue

Software Revenue

Total software revenue increased to $5.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 from $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, for an increase of $1.5 million, or 33%. Software revenue related to our enterprise offerings, Viridian and 365 Cannabis, for the three months ended June 30, 2022 were $2.8 million, compared to $0.9 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and software revenue related to our non-enterprise offerings, which include MJ Platform, Ample, Trellis, Solo, and Leaf Data Systems, were $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021. There was also a slight decrease in partnership and data revenue which was $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $0.3 million during the same period in the prior year. Software revenue accounted for 97% and 91% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As indicated above, the increase in software revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021 was attributable to revenue generated from our enterprise offerings. Also contributing to the increase was $0.4 million of non-recurring contract termination fees attributable to two customers.

Consulting Revenue

Consulting revenue includes revenue generated from consulting services delivered to prospective and current cannabis, hemp and CBD businesses and business operators. Our consulting revenue was $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, a decrease of $0.3 million, or 72%. Consulting revenue was 2% and 8% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Due to the nature of consulting revenue, our dependence on emerging market activity and the ongoing pandemic as a driver of demand, the percentage of consulting revenue over total revenue has varied from period to period depending on whether state legislation has expanded to allow new market entrants or growth of existing market participant operations.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes retail/resale revenue, which is generated from point-of-sale hardware, and other non-recurring revenues. Other revenue was less than $0.1 million for each of the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenue was $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, a decrease of $0.1 million, or 4%. The 2022 period includes a benefit of approximately $0.5 million from the reversal of a litigation reserve (see Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the reversal of the litigation reserve). Excluding this item, the total cost of revenue increased primarily as a result of an increase in Microsoft licenses in the amount of $0.4 million related to our acquisitions of Viridian and 365 Cannabis.

Gross Profit

Gross profit was $4.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $1.3 million or 42%. Gross profit margin also improved from 61% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 to 70% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. This improvement in gross margin was due primarily to operating synergies realized from our acquired assets, our ongoing initiatives to drive operating effectiveness, and acquiring additional business-to-business customers, that have a higher gross margin.

Operating Expenses

Product Development

Product development expense was $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $0.3 million, or 15%. Product development expense increased primarily due the Viridian and 365 Cannabis acquisitions, which resulted in a $0.3 million increase in salary-related and contractor expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year. The 2022 period also includes severance benefit costs associated with the Restructuring partially offset by lower recruiting and share-based compensation costs

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense was $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $1.4 million, or 74%. The increase in sales and marketing expense is primarily related to the acquisitions of Viridian and 365 Cannabis which resulted in an increase of $1.1 million in salary-related and contractor expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2021. In addition, the 2022 period included approximately $0.3 million of severance benefits associated with the Restructuring.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense was $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $4.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, a decrease of $2.0 million, or 45%. The period in 2021 includes $2.4 million of charges associated with the termination of our former Toronto office lease and the associated write-off of certain leasehold improvements. In addition, bad debt expense was lower by $0.2 million during the 2022 period when compared to the 2021 period. These decreases were partially offset by higher professional fees and severance benefits associated with the Restructuring.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 from $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $0.7 million, or 51%. The increase in amortization expense is primarily attributable to the acquired intangible assets from our Viridian and 365 Cannabis acquisitions in the amount of $0.3 million, which both occurred after June 30, 2021, as well as an increase in capitalized software in the amount of $0.4 million. 

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Due to a continued decline in market conditions from March 31, 2022 to June 30, 2022, we recorded impairment charges of $24.1 million including $8.0 million attributable to goodwill associated with the non-enterprise reporting unit and $12.9 million associated with the goodwill of the enterprise reporting unit during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to no impairment charge for the three months ended June 30, 2021. In addition, we recorded impairments of $3.2 million attributable to certain intangible assets and capitalized software associated with one specific business line within the non-enterprise reporting unit during the three months ended June 30, 2022 (see Note 9 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion on the impairments recorded).

Non-GAAP Financial Measures 

In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use the following non-GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance. However, non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.

Investors are cautioned that there are material limitations associated with the use of non-GAAP financial measures as an analytical tool. Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly titled non-GAAP measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison. We attempt to compensate for these limitations by providing specific information regarding the GAAP items excluded from these non-GAAP financial measures.

Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business. 

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, when considered with the financial statements determined in accordance with GAAP, are helpful to investors in understanding our performance and allows for comparison of our performance and credit strength to our peers. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered alternatives to net loss as determined in accordance with GAAP as indicators of our performance or liquidity.

We define EBITDA as net loss before interest income and expense, changes in fair value of convertible notes, changes in fair value of derivative liabilities, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA further adjusted to exclude the effects of the following items for the reasons set forth below:

The reconciliation of net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

Going Concern and Management’s Liquidity Plans

In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) standard on going concern, Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”), we assess going concern uncertainty in our consolidated financial statements to determine if we have sufficient cash, cash equivalents and working capital on hand, including marketable equity securities, and any available borrowings on loans, to operate for a period of at least one year from the date the consolidated financial statements are issued, which is defined to as the “look-forward period” in ASU 2014-15. As part of this assessment, based on conditions that are known and reasonably knowable to us, we will consider various scenarios, forecasts, projections, estimates and will make certain key assumptions, including the timing and nature of projected cash expenditures or programs, and our ability to delay or curtail expenditures or programs, if necessary, among other factors. Based on this assessment, as necessary or applicable, we make certain assumptions regarding implementing curtailments or delays in the nature and timing of programs and expenditures to the extent we deem probable that such implementations can be achieved and we have the proper authority to execute them within the look-forward period in accordance with ASU 2014-15. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of assets and liabilities that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, since our inception we have incurred recurring losses from operations, used cash from operating activities, and relied on capital raising transactions to continue ongoing operations. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021, we incurred losses from operations of $25.7 million and $9.6 million, respectively, and used cash in operating activities of $6.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, we had a working capital deficit of $13.2 million with $5.1 million in cash available to fund future operations (subsequent to June 30, 2022, we received approximately $2 million in immediately available cash from the Unit Offering). Furthermore, on May 24, 2022, we received a notice (the “Notice”) from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC indicating that the bid price of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), is not currently in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Nasdaq Market”). The Notice has no immediate effect on the continued listing status of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Market, and, therefore, our listing remains fully effective. We are provided a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice, or until November 21, 2022, to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid requirement. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern.

Management’s plan for the Company to continue as a going concern includes several initiatives and actions including those impacting our short and intermediate term financing, continuing costs, primarily labor and employee benefits, our working capital and the liquidity of our Common Stock. Certain of these initiatives and actions began during the quarter ended June 30, 2022 while others were initiated in July 2022.

The most significant components of our plan include the following: (i) realizing annualized cost savings associated with the Restructuring that we announced in May 2022 which resulted in a reduction in workforce and related operating costs (see Note 4), (ii) entering into Convertible Notes Amendment which, among other factors, provides for a deferral of the required amortization payments due and payable from July 1, 2022 through January 1, 2023, (iii) deploying for working capital needs of the net proceeds of approximately $2 million received from the Unit Offering in a transaction that closed on July 5, 2022, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses and after depositing $7 million of the proceeds into certain restricted cash accounts in accordance with the Convertible Notes Amendment (an additional $2 million of which may be released upon reducing the principal amount of the Senior Convertible Notes to certain thresholds as described above in relation to the Convertible Notes Amendment), (iv) conservatively managing our working capital through disciplined cost-containment efforts and strategic management of our accounts receivable and accounts payable cycles (v) addressing the potential liquidity of our Common Stock in connection with the minimum listing requirements for the Nasdaq Market through a proposed 1-to-20 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) and (vi) continuing to seek to grow our customer base and realize synergies as we continue to integrate our recent acquisitions.

We anticipate the initiatives and actions described above will provide us with sufficient liquidity in order to operate our business in the normal course for the second half of 2022 until such time that the 365 Cannabis Earn-Out is due in December 2022, in part, to the fact that the debt service obligations associated with the Senior Convertible Notes for the first half of 2023 have effectively been substantially pre-funded with the amounts deposited into restricted accounts as required by the Convertible Notes Amendment. In the second half of 2022, we plan to continue to rigorously explore potential financing alternatives and other strategic options in addition to enhancing the liquidity of our Common Stock. In addition to and to the extent practical in the future, based on market conditions, we will consider incremental offerings of Common Stock through our previously authorized ATM Program; however, we do not consider this a viable alternative unless and until we are able to successfully address the minimum listing requirements of the Nasdaq Market with the proposed Reverse Stock Split. Through July 31, 2022, we have utilized $2.7 million of the total $25 million authorized by the ATM Program leaving $22.3 million remaining under the ATM Program, subject to certain limitations imposed by Form S-3 on amounts we can raise in any 12-month period of time.

If we are unable to secure other potential financing alternatives or fail to execute any other strategic options to raise sufficient additional funds through the first half of 2023, including through the ATM Program, we will have to develop and implement more aggressive plans to address our liquidity needs and our ability to satisfy the scheduled maturity of our obligations under the Senior Convertible Notes. Such plans could include extending payables, further reductions of expenditures (including the termination of additional employees) and reducing or eliminating investments in and the funding of certain of our business units and initiatives, otherwise substantially scaling back our business plan until sufficient additional capital is raised through other equity or debt offerings or selling certain of our business units to generate funding for remaining operations. Additional equity or debt offerings may include the issuance of shares of common stock, warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock, convertible debt or other instruments that may dilute our current stockholders significantly. Accordingly, we may be subject to additional risks, including retention of key employees and limitations on the extension of credit by our vendors and other service providers. If we are required to raise additional capital as discussed above and if we cannot timely raise additional funds, we may be unable to meet the financial covenants of the Senior Convertible Notes, which could result in an event of default under those instruments which could adversely impact the Company. See the risks detailed in our Form 10-K under “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Relating to our Convertible Debt”.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to successfully execute the plans described above and attain profitable operations. Despite the comprehensive scope of our plans, the inherent risks associated with their successful execution are not sufficient to fully overcome substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, if we are unable to raise sufficient capital we may have to reduce operations which could significantly and adversely affect our results of operations. If we fail to meet the financial covenants of the Senior Convertible Notes and cannot obtain a waiver from such provisions or otherwise come to an agreement with the holders of our debt, such holders may declare a default on the debt which could subject our assets to seizure and sale, negatively impacting our business.

Cash Flows

Our cash and restricted cash balance was $5.1 million as of June 30, 2022. Cash flow information is as follows:

Operating Activities

Our largest source of operating cash is cash collections from our customers for subscriptions to our products. Our primary uses of cash in operating activities are for employee-related expenditures, marketing expenses and third-party hosting costs. Net cash used in operating activities is impacted by our net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization expenses, impairments of long-lived assets, change in fair value of convertible notes and derivative liabilities, stock-based compensation, deferred income taxes, as well as the effect of changes in operating assets and liabilities. 

Net cash used in operating activities increased to $7.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022, from $3.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $3.5 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, cash was consumed from operations by a net loss of $51.5 million, less non-cash items of $46.1 million and a net change in assets and liabilities of $1.8 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, cash was consumed from operations by a net loss of $12.6 million, less non-cash items of $7.8 million and a net change in assets and liabilities of $1.0 million. 

Investing Activities

Our primary investing activities have consisted of capitalization of internal-use software necessary to deliver significant new features and functionality in our platform which provides value to our customers. As our business grows, we expect our capital expenditures to continue to increase. Other investing activities include cash outflows related to purchases of property and equipment, and from time-to-time, the cash paid for asset and business acquisitions.

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $1.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022, as a result of cash outflows for the development of our software products. Net cash used by investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2021, was $2.0 million which was also related to our software development.

Financing Activities

Our financing activities consist primarily of proceeds from issuance of our common stock, including those through our ATM Program, issuances and repayments attributable to the Senior Convertible Notes and the value of shares withheld from the vesting of certain stock-based compensation awards.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we made principal payments of $1.5 million on the Senior Convertible Notes which were partially offset by the receipt of net proceeds of $0.8 million from the issuance of 1,816,184 shares of Common Stock through the ATM Program. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the value of shares withheld for income taxes from the vesting of stock-based compensation awards was less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Contractual Obligations

For information concerning our contingent consideration, convertible debt, and operating lease obligations, see Notes 4, 6, and 7, respectively, to our condensed consolidated financial statements. 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Security and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2022 with the participation, and under the supervision, of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective in ensuring that: (i) information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit to the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms and (ii) material information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for accurate and timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Material Weakness